– Trade deals continue to reshape global supply chains amid policy uncertainty. The US finalized bilateral agreements with India, Argentina and Bangladesh, offering tariff reductions but introducing complexity through rules of origin requirements. India’s pharmaceutical exports face an unclear Section 232 duty status, while the deal’s sustainability hinges on ambitious US$500 billion purchase commitments. Meanwhile, the African Growth and Opportunity Act’s (AGOA) retroactive extension through 2026 provides only temporary relief for African exporters, perpetuating supply chain pl...